Tortoise Species · Southern Europe (Mediterranean)
Hermann's Tortoise
One of the most popular pet tortoises — a hardy Mediterranean species that hibernates.
By the WARN Research & Conservation TeamChecked against IUCN Red List & CITES sourcesLast updated
In brief
Hermann's tortoise (Testudo hermanni) is a small Mediterranean species and one of the most popular pet tortoises, with a domed yellow-and-brown shell. It hibernates, lives 50+ years and is listed Near Threatened by the IUCN.
Hermann's Tortoise: At a Glance
| Origin | Southern Europe (Mediterranean) |
|---|---|
| Size | Small–medium (13–20 cm; up to ~3 kg) |
| Adult size | Adult 13–20 cm; up to ~3–4 kg |
| Lifespan | 50–90+ years |
| Shell & appearance | Domed yellow-and-brown patterned shell; hibernating species |
| Temperament | Hardy, active, long-lived |
| Conservation & suitability | Near Threatened (IUCN); CITES II — choose captive-bred only; a 50+ year commitment needing a secure outdoor pen and safe hibernation |
History & Origins
Hermann's tortoise ranges across southern Europe from Spain to the Balkans in dry scrub and woodland. Captive-bred animals are widely kept, but wild populations are Near Threatened from habitat loss, fire and past collection, and the species is CITES Appendix II. It is a true hibernating species needing a cool winter rest.
Hermann's Tortoise Fun Facts
- Hermann's tortoise is one of the most popular pet tortoises in Europe.
- It is a true hibernating species that needs a cool winter rest.
- Wild Hermann's tortoises are listed Near Threatened by the IUCN.
- It can live well over 50 years, often outliving its owner.
Hermann's Tortoise Common Health Issues
Conditions seen more often in this breed, and how owners and vets help manage them. This is general guidance, not veterinary advice — always speak to your vet.
Metabolic bone disease
Calcium and vitamin D3 deficiency or inadequate UVB lighting softens and deforms the shell and bones.
Care: Provide correct UVB lighting, a calcium-rich plant diet and vet-guided supplementation.
Hibernation problems
Hibernating an underweight or unwell tortoise, or at the wrong temperature, can cause blindness, frostbite or death.
Care: Only hibernate healthy tortoises at controlled temperatures and follow species-specific veterinary guidance.
Runny nose syndrome
A chronic upper-respiratory infection in tortoises causing nasal discharge, bubbling and laboured breathing, often linked to incorrect temperature or humidity.
Care: Correct the temperature gradient and humidity and see a reptile vet; isolate affected tortoises.
A tortoise is a lifetime commitment
Tortoises live 50–100 years and routinely outlive their owners. Many species are still trafficked from the wild, so choose captive-bred animals, provide species-appropriate housing and plan for decades of care.
